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J. Davis Powell House The J. Davis Powell House, built in 1919-20, is architecturally significant as an intact and rare example of the Prairie Style in Columbia. The two-story home is set on a large, sloping lot within the Melrose Heights neighborhood, an early twentieth century residential development that is still characterized by small to medium-sized brick and frame Craftsman bungalows, Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival cottages. The Powell family, who developed and built the neighborhood, ordered plans for their home matching those that appeared in the March 1916 issue of Ladies Home Journal. The design of the house is believed to be by Floyd A. Dernier (1879-1934), a house designer in Los Angeles, California. J. Davis Powell contacted Mr. Dernier and paid a small fee for the detailed plans. Constructed with yellow brick, the house has an irregular plan, a broad, low-pitched, sheltering, asphalt shingle-covered hipped roof, cantilevered eaves, and sets of elongated, repeated windows on both floors. Though some of the family’s choices of materials differ from the original plans and some additions and alterations have been made over the years, the house retains its Prairie Style features and integrity. Six additional resources contribute to the historic and architectural character of the property: a ca. 1920 garage with a ca. 1940 second story addition; a ca. 1920 pool house and ca. 1935 pool; four ca. 1920 cast stone classical columns - remnants of what originally was an extensive pergola system; a ca. 1920 goldfish pond or pool; and a ca. 1922 outdoor fireplace. Listed in the National Register September 25, 2012.
Efird's Department Store The Efird’s Department Store building is locally significant in the area of commerce. Between 1919 and 1958, Efird’s Department Store was one of the most significant stores in downtown Columbia, notable for its introduction of the one-price cash store concept to the city. As one of the earliest and most successful department stores on Main Street, Efird’s set the tone for the downtown shopping experience that generations of Columbia shoppers experienced from the early to mid-twentieth century. Only four years after the Efird’s Company arrived in Columbia in 1915 it undertook a comprehensive rehabilitation of the ca. 1870 building in which it had established its store. The 1919 project resulted in both structural and aesthetic changes including the addition of a third story and the installation of a new brick façade and store entrances. The building survives as a significant example of early twentieth century commercial architecture in downtown Columbia. Efird’s began in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1907 when Hugh Efird purchased the Charlotte Mercantile Company, a dry goods store commonly known as the Bee Hive. Shortly after Hugh convinced his brother Joseph to work for him, the two Efirds and a third brother Edmund Lilly bought a controlling interest in the company, renaming it the Efird Department Store to reflect their ownership. Expansion throughout both Carolinas soon followed, making Efird’s one of the largest department stores in the United States during the early twentieth century. Additional stores in Virginia eventually brought the company’s total number of stores to more than 50. Listed in the National Register October 9, 2012.
McMaster School McMaster School is associated with the campaign for educational reform that swept through the state in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Architecturally, it is an example of the style of school architecture that was developed as a direct result of this campaign. The style is a result of the standardized plans created by the architecture firm of Edwards and Walter in 1905, and can be characterized as an early twentieth century revival style. The school was opened in 1911. It served the city of Columbia as a grammar school in Richland County School District One from 1911 to 1956. The structure was sold in 1960 to the University of South Carolina for $168,800. At this time, it was renamed McMaster College. The building is of frame construction with a brick veneer, wood trim, and cast stone detailing. The brick veneer employs a Flemish stretcher bond, with belt courses on the first story, blind panels between the second and third stories, brick pilasters, quoins, and gauged arches with keystones above the windows. The roofline of McMaster has castellated parapets, hiding a flat roof. There is a decorative cornice at the roofline supported by fluted wooden brackets and adorned with dentils. There have been two additions, the first of which (ca. 1950) incorporates many of the architectural details of the original building. The school was named for Colonel F.W. McMaster, first chairman of the Board of School Commissioners and mayor of Columbia. Listed in the National Register July 25, 1997.
Caldwell-Hampton-Boylston House The Caldwell-Hampton-Boylston House is significant as one of Columbia’s finest examples of Greek Revival architecture. The house is historically and politically significant because of its owners who were important in South Carolina affairs and its proximity and association with the Governor’s Mansion. In 1869, the house was bought by Daniel H. Chamberlain, South Carolina Reconstruction governor, who resided there 1874-1876. It was also the home of John Caldwell, Columbia banker, and later the Frank Hampton (brother of General Wade Hampton) family. The significance of the gardens should also be noted. Planting had probably been done when the house was built ca. 1830 and added to throughout the last half of the nineteenth century. Mrs. Sarah Porter Smith of Chicago bought the house in 1895 for winter quarters and began further landscaping, featuring formal arrangements of boxwoods, grassy plots, shady arbors, walls and statuary with hundreds of azaleas, camellias and dogwoods, as well as rare shrubs and trees. During her and the subsequent ownership by her niece, Mrs. Sarah Porter Boylston, the gardens were a social gathering place and used for elaborate garden parties. The house is a three-story clapboard Greek Revival mansion with two matching inside chimneys. The double-tiered porches are supported by four columns and have a simple balustrade on each story. The house and gardens are surrounded by handsome ironwork and brick fencing (ca. 1855). Outbuildings include a stable/carriage house, garden gazebo, and tea house. Listed in the National Register May 6, 1971.
World War Memorial Building The World War Memorial Building, built in 1935 in Columbia, is significant as an excellent example of early twentieth-century Classical Revival architecture. The building also has the distinction of being designed by the prominent local architectural firm, Lafaye and Lafaye. This Classical Revival memorial was built to honor the men and women who served in World War I and still maintains the architectural integrity of its original construction. The memorial was first proposed by Governor Richard Manning and approved by the General Assembly in 1919. In that same year the Assembly appropriated $100,000 towards its construction, which was later withdrawn due to the Depression economy. From 1919 to 1935 the War Memorial Commission raised building funds primarily through private subscriptions. In 1934, the state received $33,200 in a grant from the Pubic Works Administration, and in 1935, construction began without the funds originally appropriated by the state. The Memorial Building portrays a sense of strength and fortitude with its solid limestone construction and massive temple form columned façade. The carved detail of medallions, laurel, and memorial inscriptions remain in complete integrity. Listed in the National Register May 26, 1995.
Zimmerman School The Zimmerman House and School are significant for their associations with the Female Academy operated in Columbia by Charles and Hannah Zimmerman between 1848 and 1870. The Zimmermans were German immigrants and apparently built both structures around 1848. Both structures are also significant as examples of well-proportioned Greek Revival design. The Zimmerman School is located directly north of the Zimmerman House. Its main façade faces south, toward the Zimmerman house. The school is a small one-story clapboard building with a gable roof situated at a right angle to the street. The entrance door is situated at the eastern (right) end of the south façade and features a fanlight and sidelights. A slightly projecting wing is located at the very eastern end. Charles and Hannah Zimmerman opened the Zimmerman Female Institute at this site in 1848. Woman at the school took courses in reading, orthography, writing, grammar, arithmetic, geography, history, philosophy, music, English, Latin, French, German and other subjects. After Dr. Zimmerman’s death in 1867, Hannah continued to run the school as “Mrs. Zimmerman’s Female Institution” until her death in 1870. Listed in the National Register March 2, 1979.
Zimmerman House The Zimmerman House and School are significant for their associations with the Female Academy operated in Columbia by Charles and Hannah Zimmerman between 1848 and 1870. The Zimmermans were German immigrants and apparently built both structures around 1848. Both structures are also significant as examples of well-proportioned Greek Revival design. The house is situated at a right angle to the street and faces north. The side, street, façade consists of a one and one-half section and a one-story wing. The front, or north, façade features a central entrance sheltered by a pedimented portico supported by two paneled wooden square columns. The entrance features a transom and sidelights and flanking pilasters. The house also features a boxed cornice and a gable roof covered by slate. Following the Seibels family purchase of the house in 1946, the structure was both altered and enlarged. Listed in the National Register March 2, 1979.
West Gervais Street Historic District The West Gervais Street Historic District, located along sections of West Gervais Street, Park Street, Lady Street, Lincoln Street, and Gadsden Street, is a collection of fifty-seven commercial, warehouse, and light industrial properties which represents the largest intact group of older business property within South Carolina’s capital city. The forty-one contributing properties in the district date from ca. 1846 to the 1930s. The number of properties within the district that retain their individual historic or architectural integrity imbues the district itself with an unusually strong integrity of setting and character. The buildings are of small scale, one to three stories, with all facades subdivided by stories and bays. They are uniformly of brick construction. The beginnings of development in the area came with the evolution of Gervais Street into the city’s principal western artery following the 1827 construction of the Congaree River Bridge and establishment ca. 1846 of the South Carolina Railroad Depot. Subsequent rail lines also centered on Gervais Street until the construction ca. 1902 of Union Station making Gervais Street the state’s chief rail transportation nexus. The area also contained the city’s gas works built ca. 1869, the first electric light plant built ca. 1891, and the street railway company barn built ca. 1886. The eighteen buildings constructed between 1900 and 1915 visually reflect the district’s part in Columbia’s growth as a major center for transportation and trade during that period. Listed in the National Register April 27, 1983.
Woodrow Memorial Presbyterian Church (Bishop’s Memorial A.M.E Church) The Bishop’s Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Church was constructed in 1907-1908 as the Woodrow Memorial Presbyterian Church. The church was built under the aegis of Columbia’s First Presbyterian Church as a memorial to Dr. James Woodrow (1828-1907), an important figure in Columbia’s religious and educational life. Woodrow was a professor at the Columbia (Presbyterian) Theological Seminary whose stand in favor of teaching evolution at the seminary caused a major upheaval in the Presbyterian Church of the United States in the 1880s. Debates before state synods resulted in a request for his resignation as a professor of natural sciences. In 1886 after Woodrow’s refusal to resign, the denomination’s General Assembly voted to dismiss him. Following the loss of this teaching position, Woodrow became President of the Central National Bank of Columbia until 1891 when he was appointed President of South Carolina College (later University of South Carolina). Woodrow Memorial Church served as a Presbyterian congregation until about 1924. In 1929, due to the growing African American population in the Waverly section of Columbia, the church became the Salters Memorial A.M.E. Church and in 1943 the name was changed to Bishop’s Memorial A.M.E. Church. Architecturally significant, the church is a well-built early twentieth century brick structure notable for the refined proportions of its interior detailing, and its exterior entablature and apsidal end. Listed in the National Register March 2, 1979.
J. Davis Powell House

The J. Davis Powell House, built in 1919-20, is architecturally significant as an intact and rare example of the Prairie Style in Columbia. The two-story home is set on a large, sloping lot within the Melrose Heights neighborhood, an early twentieth century residential development that is still characterized by small to medium-sized brick and frame Craftsman bungalows, Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival cottages. The Powell family, who developed and built the neighborhood, ordered plans for their home matching those that appeared in the March 1916 issue of Ladies Home Journal. The design of the house is believed to be by Floyd A. Dernier (1879-1934), a house designer in Los Angeles, California. J. Davis Powell contacted Mr. Dernier and paid a small fee for the detailed plans. Constructed with yellow brick, the house has an irregular plan, a broad, low-pitched, sheltering, asphalt shingle-covered hipped roof, cantilevered eaves, and sets of elongated, repeated windows on both floors. Though some of the family’s choices of materials differ from the original plans and some additions and alterations have been made over the years, the house retains its Prairie Style features and integrity. Six additional resources contribute to the historic and architectural character of the property: a ca. 1920 garage with a ca. 1940 second story addition; a ca. 1920 pool house and ca. 1935 pool; four ca. 1920 cast stone classical columns - remnants of what originally was an extensive pergola system; a ca. 1920 goldfish pond or pool; and a ca. 1922 outdoor fireplace. Listed in the National Register September 25, 2012.
J. Davis Powell House The J. Davis Powell House, built in 1919-20, is architecturally significant as an intact and rare example of the Prairie Style in Columbia. The two-story home is set on a large, sloping lot within the Melrose Heights neighborhood, an early twentieth century residential development that is still characterized by small to medium-sized brick and frame Craftsman bungalows, Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival cottages. The Powell family, who developed and built the neighborhood, ordered plans for their home matching those that appeared in the March 1916 issue of Ladies Home Journal. The design of the house is believed to be by Floyd A. Dernier (1879-1934), a house designer in Los Angeles, California. J. Davis Powell contacted Mr. Dernier and paid a small fee for the detailed plans. Constructed with yellow brick, the house has an irregular plan, a broad, low-pitched, sheltering, asphalt shingle-covered hipped roof, cantilevered eaves, and sets of elongated, repeated windows on both floors. Though some of the family’s choices of materials differ from the original plans and some additions and alterations have been made over the years, the house retains its Prairie Style features and integrity. Six additional resources contribute to the historic and architectural character of the property: a ca. 1920 garage with a ca. 1940 second story addition; a ca. 1920 pool house and ca. 1935 pool; four ca. 1920 cast stone classical columns - remnants of what originally was an extensive pergola system; a ca. 1920 goldfish pond or pool; and a ca. 1922 outdoor fireplace. Listed in the National Register September 25, 2012.
J. Davis Powell House

The J. Davis Powell House, built in 1919-20, is architecturally significant as an intact and rare example of the Prairie Style in Columbia. The two-story home is set on a large, sloping lot within the Melrose Heights neighborhood, an early twentieth century residential development that is still characterized by small to medium-sized brick and frame Craftsman bungalows, Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival cottages. The Powell family, who developed and built the neighborhood, ordered plans for their home matching those that appeared in the March 1916 issue of Ladies Home Journal. The design of the house is believed to be by Floyd A. Dernier (1879-1934), a house designer in Los Angeles, California. J. Davis Powell contacted Mr. Dernier and paid a small fee for the detailed plans. Constructed with yellow brick, the house has an irregular plan, a broad, low-pitched, sheltering, asphalt shingle-covered hipped roof, cantilevered eaves, and sets of elongated, repeated windows on both floors. Though some of the family’s choices of materials differ from the original plans and some additions and alterations have been made over the years, the house retains its Prairie Style features and integrity. Six additional resources contribute to the historic and architectural character of the property: a ca. 1920 garage with a ca. 1940 second story addition; a ca. 1920 pool house and ca. 1935 pool; four ca. 1920 cast stone classical columns - remnants of what originally was an extensive pergola system; a ca. 1920 goldfish pond or pool; and a ca. 1922 outdoor fireplace. Listed in the National Register September 25, 2012.
See photo in original gallery.
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